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Union Councils of Bangladesh
Union Councils (or Union Parishads or Town Unions or Unions) are the smallest rural administrative and local government units in Bangladesh. Each Union is made up of nine Wards. Usually one village is designated as a Ward. There are 4,550 Unions in Bangladesh.〔http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/?q=en〕 A Union Council consists of a Chairman and twelve members including three members exclusively reserved for women. Union Parishads are formed under the ''Local Government (Union Parishads) Act, 2009''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/bangla_all_sections.php?id=1027 )〕 The boundary of each Union is demarcated by the Deputy Commissioner of the District. A Union Council is the body primarily responsible for agricultural, industrial and community development within the local limits of the union.
== History ==
The term ''union'' dates back to the 1870 British legislation titled the ''Village Chowkidari Act'' which established union ''Panchayets'' for collecting tax to maintain ''Chowkidars'' (village police) in Bengal. Later the rural layer of the local government became known as union councils. After Independence in 1971, the name of the Union Council was changed to Union Panchayet and an administrator was appointed to manage the affairs of the Panchayet. In 1973, Union Panchayat's name reverted to Union Parishad. A more significant change was brought about in 1976 through ''the Local Government Ordinance'' which provided for a Union Parishad composed of one elected Chairman and nine elected members, two nominated women members and two peasant representative members. A major change was initiated through the introduction of ''the Local Government (Union Parishad) Ordinance'' in 1983.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unescap.org/huset/lgstudy/country/bangladesh/bangladesh.html )〕 Under this ordinance, every Union council shall have one Chairman, nine general members and three women members. The present law dealing with the Union Councils, i.e. ''Local Government (Union Parishads) Act, 2009'', came into effect on 15 October 2009.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lgd.gov.bd/images/pdf/download/up/local_government_union_parishad_act_2009.pdf )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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